Tuesday, 11 October 2011

How is bladder cancer diagnosed?

If blood is discovered in the urine or there are constant symptoms of bladder irritation of unknown cause, the patient should be examined by a doctor. In order to reach a diagnosis the GP will refer the patient urgently to the local hospital urology department for a series of special examinations.
If a tumour is suspected, a procedure called a cystoscopy, is necessary, in which a doctor looks up into the bladder via the urethra using an instrument called a cystoscope.
In addition, ultrasound scans or X-rays of the whole urinary tract are taken - an intravenous urogram.
The urine may also be examined under a microscope for malignant cells.
When the diagnosis has been made and the extent of the cancer is known, the type of treatment will be considered.

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